Anuak headrest
Accession Number:
1936.10.56
Country:
Sudan
Region:
[Southern Sudan]
Cultural Group:
Anywaa [Anuak]
Date Made:
By 1936
Materials:
Wood Plant
Process:
Carved , Stained , Polished
Dimensions:
Ht = 196; seat L = 342, W = 33, th = 37; leg diam = 23.7 to 27.2 mm [RTS 3/6/2005].
Weight:
512.6 g
Local Name:
köm
Other Owners:
Presumably collected by Evans-Pritchard during his period of fieldwork amongst the Anuak between early March and May 1935 [RTS 18/6/2004].
Field Collector:
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
PRM Source:
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
Acquired:
Donated 1936
Collected Date:
March - May 1935
Description:
Headrest carved from a single piece of orangey brown wood, stained a darker reddish brown (Pantone 469C).
This is an example of 'found form', with a naturally grown branch specifically chosen because its shape, with subsidiary branches coming off the main stem to form the three feet, was suitable for making a headrest.
It consists of a narrow horizontal seat across the top with a flat upper surface that is concave along its length, and which tapers in to the front, possibly suggestive of the neck or head or an animal.
Here, the underside of the seat has an sharp ridge that runs down from the front, flattened tip of the seat end to between the front legs, where it continues along the underside to the back leg, but becomes less well defined.
The seat also narrows slightly to its back end, which is also cut flat on the outer face.
This has a narrow flat underside where the wood has been shaved, that extends as far as the back leg of the headrest.
Three narrower branches extend from the underside to form the legs, with 2 legs at the front end, splaying out in opposite directions, and the third leg extending down from the back; all three legs are comparatively straight.
The feet have been shaved to have slightly pointed undersides.
The headrest is complete and intact.
It has a weight of 512.6 grams and is 196 mm high; the seat is 342 mm long, 33 mm wide and 37 mm thick, while the legs have a diameter of from 23.7 to 27.2 mm.
Presumably collected by Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard during his period of fieldwork amongst the Anuak between early March and May 1935 (see E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Political System of the Anuak of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, p. 3).
Evans-Pritchard states that the local name for this type of headrest is köm, a term which elsewhere he also applies to Nuer headrests such as 1937.34.49. This type of lightweight headrest, made from a tree branch, is produced by a number of Nilotic groups; for another Anuak example, see 1936.10.55; for Nuer examples, see 1917.25.40, 1931.66.17-18, 1932.30.1, 1936.10.56, 1937.34.49 and 1948.2.128, and for Dinka examples, see 1934.8.17.
Objects like these were used by men to protect their elaborate hairstyles. Willis described the Nuer practice of covering their hair with a paste made of clay, cow dung and urine, and then shaping it into the desired style, such as a cock's comb, or a peak at front or back. This treatment gradually wears off, staining the hair a reddish colour, and then the hair needs to be redone. Domville-Fife describes a similar process for the Shilluk in some detail, although amongst that group hair is dressed by a specialist barber, and is a costly process (C.W. Domville Fife, 1927, Savage Life in the Black Sudan, pp 71-76).
Rachael Sparks 22/08/2005.
Presumably collected by Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard during his period of fieldwork amongst the Anuak between early March and May 1935 (see E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Political System of the Anuak of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, p. 3).
Evans-Pritchard states that the local name for this type of headrest is köm, a term which elsewhere he also applies to Nuer headrests such as 1937.34.49. This type of lightweight headrest, made from a tree branch, is produced by a number of Nilotic groups; for another Anuak example, see 1936.10.55; for Nuer examples, see 1917.25.40, 1931.66.17-18, 1932.30.1, 1936.10.56, 1937.34.49 and 1948.2.128, and for Dinka examples, see 1934.8.17.
Objects like these were used by men to protect their elaborate hairstyles. Willis described the Nuer practice of covering their hair with a paste made of clay, cow dung and urine, and then shaping it into the desired style, such as a cock's comb, or a peak at front or back. This treatment gradually wears off, staining the hair a reddish colour, and then the hair needs to be redone. Domville-Fife describes a similar process for the Shilluk in some detail, although amongst that group hair is dressed by a specialist barber, and is a costly process (C.W. Domville Fife, 1927, Savage Life in the Black Sudan, pp 71-76).
Rachael Sparks 22/08/2005.
Primary Documentation:
Accession Book Entry
[p.
410] - 1936 [insert] 10 [end insert] E.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, M.A., Exeter College, Oxford.
- Specimens collected by himself in the EASTERN SUDAN, while travelling with a Grant from the
Rockefeller
Leverhulme Trustees, viz: [p.
414] [insert] 55-56 [end insert] - [One of] 2 Neck-rests,
köm
, three-legged, cut from natural branches, ANUAK.
Card Catalogue Entry - There is no further information on the catalogue card [RTS 30/1/2004].
Pitt Rivers Museum label - AFRICA, Sudan. Anuak tribe. Wooden headrest, local name köm . Coll. E.E. Evans-Pritchard, donated 1936 [plastic coated label, tied to object; RTS 31/5/2005].
Written on object - Kom , neck-rest, ANUAK, E. SUDAN. d.d. E.Evans Pritchard 1936 [RTS 31/5/2005].
Card Catalogue Entry - There is no further information on the catalogue card [RTS 30/1/2004].
Pitt Rivers Museum label - AFRICA, Sudan. Anuak tribe. Wooden headrest, local name köm . Coll. E.E. Evans-Pritchard, donated 1936 [plastic coated label, tied to object; RTS 31/5/2005].
Written on object - Kom , neck-rest, ANUAK, E. SUDAN. d.d. E.Evans Pritchard 1936 [RTS 31/5/2005].
