Zande mat
Other views of this artifact:
Accession Number:
1948.2.159 .1
Country:
Sudan
Region:
[Southern Sudan]
Cultural Group:
Zande
Date Made:
By 1930
Materials:
Palm Fibre Plant
Process:
Chequer Woven , Basketry , Stitched , Dyed ?
Dimensions:
L = 1610, W = 717, th at edges = 5; strip W = 5-6, stitch W = 2mm [RTS 9/8/2005].
Weight:
688.6 g
Other Owners:
Probably collected by Evans-Pritchard himself during his fieldwork amongst the Zande, which took place during 1927, part of 1928 and 1929 and for several months during 1930 [CM; RTS 6/7/2004].
Field Collector:
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
PRM Source:
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
Acquired:
Found unentered February 1948
Collected Date:
1927 - 1930
Description:
Rectangular mat made from narrow palm fibre strips, woven together at right angles to one another in a checkweave pattern, with each strip running over 4 cross strips before passing back into the weave (over 4, under 1).
The strips are predominantly yellow (Pantone 7508C), especially on the interior surface, but some of the strips running along the length of the mat vary in colour on their outer faces from orangey brown (Pantone 729C) to greenish gray (Pantone 7530C).
This gives the exterior a banded appearance that, while faint, may be deliberate; it is not clear if the strips have been deliberately dyed or just chosen for variable colour.
On the inside face of the mat, the loose ends of each of strip has been folded over back against the surface at an oblique angle, creating an inward 'fringe' around all four edges.
These edges have also been finished with a border made from 2 parallel strips, folded over at each corner to form 2 interlocked loops, one of which projects out from the edge.
These border strips have been stitched together using narrower fibre strips as the thread, with 2 sets of vertical stitches across the frame edge and a row of horizontal stitching running down the centre between the two edging strips.
The inner row of stitches also catches the upper edge of the 'fringe' strips, keeping this edging securely in place.
The mat is complete, with slight damage along the edges of the fringe.
It has a weight of 688.6 grams, and is 1610 mm long, 717 mm wide and 5 mm thick at the edges; the constituent fibre strips are 5 to 6 mm wide, while the stitching is made of strips with a width of 2 mm.
Collected by Evans-Pritchard during his fieldwork amongst the Zande, which took place during 1927, part of 1928 and 1929 and for several months during 1930.
For similar mats, see 1948.2.159.2-3, 6, 9-14, and for decorated versions, 1948.2.159.4 and 7 (with geometric designs at the centre) and 1948.2.159.8, with a dark brown border, said to be used in circumcision rites. The photographic collections at the museum hold a number of images of these types of mats being used during these ceremonies: see for example, 1998.341.166 and 1998.341.338 (initiate with roll of matting over head), 1998.341.169, 1998.341.387 and 1998.341.567 (initiates wearing and sitting on mats).
According to Larken, this type of grass weaving is done by men: "Split stems of certain grasses are scraped free from pith, forming thin strips as wide as a pencil, with a hard, polished surface, and edges that are absolutely parallel. Of this material is made a sleeping mat, ira , two and a half feet broad by twice as long, strips being passed laterally, alternatively over and under others lying longitudinally; the fracture of the strips being so regular, it is a simple matter to ensure an exact fit of each against the other, so that there are no unsightly interstices, and a perfect finish is obtained" (P.M. Larken, 1927, "Impressions of the Azande", Sudan Notes and Records X, p. 133). The technique used for making this mat is reminiscent of Zande basketry hats such as 1930.86.32 and 1948.2.162-164, where similar fibre strips are woven together, and a fringe is left at the base.
Evans-Pritchard states that 'of mats, the type called karakpa is said to be both Mbomu and Miangba, while those called nakorogbo and bagburu came from the Abile people to the south of the Bomokandi, a branch of the Azande containing a high proportion of foreign elements (E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1971, The Azande, p. 101). It is not clear which of these types of mats is represented by this example.
Rachael Sparks 18/9/2005.
Collected by Evans-Pritchard during his fieldwork amongst the Zande, which took place during 1927, part of 1928 and 1929 and for several months during 1930.
For similar mats, see 1948.2.159.2-3, 6, 9-14, and for decorated versions, 1948.2.159.4 and 7 (with geometric designs at the centre) and 1948.2.159.8, with a dark brown border, said to be used in circumcision rites. The photographic collections at the museum hold a number of images of these types of mats being used during these ceremonies: see for example, 1998.341.166 and 1998.341.338 (initiate with roll of matting over head), 1998.341.169, 1998.341.387 and 1998.341.567 (initiates wearing and sitting on mats).
According to Larken, this type of grass weaving is done by men: "Split stems of certain grasses are scraped free from pith, forming thin strips as wide as a pencil, with a hard, polished surface, and edges that are absolutely parallel. Of this material is made a sleeping mat, ira , two and a half feet broad by twice as long, strips being passed laterally, alternatively over and under others lying longitudinally; the fracture of the strips being so regular, it is a simple matter to ensure an exact fit of each against the other, so that there are no unsightly interstices, and a perfect finish is obtained" (P.M. Larken, 1927, "Impressions of the Azande", Sudan Notes and Records X, p. 133). The technique used for making this mat is reminiscent of Zande basketry hats such as 1930.86.32 and 1948.2.162-164, where similar fibre strips are woven together, and a fringe is left at the base.
Evans-Pritchard states that 'of mats, the type called karakpa is said to be both Mbomu and Miangba, while those called nakorogbo and bagburu came from the Abile people to the south of the Bomokandi, a branch of the Azande containing a high proportion of foreign elements (E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1971, The Azande, p. 101). It is not clear which of these types of mats is represented by this example.
Rachael Sparks 18/9/2005.
Primary Documentation:
Accession Book Entry
[p.
264] - E.
E.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY, OXFORD.
Found unentered; collected by donor.
[p, 268] 1948.2.159 to 172 - ZANDE.
Iron spear.
[1 of] Fourteen mats,
woven
plaited basketry, 2'6" to 3' across, 5' to 6' long, no variation in pattern.
Additional Accession Book Entry [opposite p. 268] - 1948.2.166 <- NB mis-numbered (Retrospective?) numberer did not take into account 14 objects. These mats should be numbered 1948.2.159.1-.14, NOT 1948.2.159-172.
Card Catalogue Entry - There is no further information on the catalogue card [RTS 10/2/2004].
Pitt Rivers Museum label - ZANDE mat 1948.2.159 [insert] .1 [end insert] d.d. & coll. Evans-Pritchard [brown luggage label, tied to object; RTS 9/8/2005].
Additional Accession Book Entry [opposite p. 268] - 1948.2.166 <- NB mis-numbered (Retrospective?) numberer did not take into account 14 objects. These mats should be numbered 1948.2.159.1-.14, NOT 1948.2.159-172.
Card Catalogue Entry - There is no further information on the catalogue card [RTS 10/2/2004].
Pitt Rivers Museum label - ZANDE mat 1948.2.159 [insert] .1 [end insert] d.d. & coll. Evans-Pritchard [brown luggage label, tied to object; RTS 9/8/2005].
